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Comic Video: Emilia Attias Confirms His Resignation (C5N) Comic

Comic Emilia Attias the former star of Almost Angels Ad makes a semes his leg Almost Angels. Emilia confirmed his resignation in a news channel named 'C5n.

Attias says that is eternally grateful to everyone who made things for her, but felt it was a need for a change, is very positive, is a very positive change.

Almost Angels is a program that I love, but if I almost angels is to let more things than I will participate in some chapters of the fourth season to close this story. I have wanted to make movies and make music, also I have many proposals to TV.

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LED Control: PWM, Servo and LED Dimmer

In today's article we will be able to view multiple applications together to achieve a common goal. A PWM control working 1Khz a LED Blinker , an alert sound (BEEP ), a servo with which to position a powerful set of 36 white LEDs and LED Dimmer to adjust to will light intensity achieved by this source. This development is part of a collaborative project and includes the lighting that will carry a quadricopter (Quad ). Turn signals and intelligent to fly at night and attend this mode transmission system image in real time. Do you like the idea? Watch as we do, we invite you to share the design of this part of the aircraft you see flying here in arg.

Among the thousand and one details that we need to consider when designing a quadricopter find the possibility (sometimes necessary) to provide the development of an illuminated to enhance the possibilities of night flights or low ambient light conditions. A scenario of this kind can occur in the most unexpected time and place and is good to take precautions before regretting this weakness on our ship. In addition, the availability becomes mandatory when using an accounting system transmission of real time images mounted on the engine. But we must be very cautious and careful about everything interesting that we can add to our aerial platform: every screw that we use means " added weight" and that will be noticed in the other when making quick maneuvers or abrupt. If we are guided by our enthusiasm, and added everything that crosses our mind, is likely to achieve our quadricopter not even off the ground.

Peel and the first flight is a challenge

To avoid any headache during the flight tests, it is best to think before construction, practical and effective way of doing things. Of course, the lighting will be based on diodes LED to be mounted on plaques phenolic material. Despite understanding that fiber (FR4 ) plates would look more professional to be evaluated as mentioned at the beginning elementary: total weight increase too for the sake of maintaining a constructive aesthetic . A well-designed work will be as functional and effective in a material or other support. The same applies to the anchor plates. We could have taken an aluminum plate the size of the PCBs that support LEDs while the election was directed toward a small rod of this lightweight material. Ie we support the same function with less than half the weight as possible . Also, do not expect to achieve a strong, impact resistant because we do not expect exactly that impacts. Finally, a servo common feature closes this set with two brackets in the form of "L", also in aluminum. Look at the construction we have adopted in the following video:

We may add, to what we have seen in the video, a better structure might be more solid and reliable, but we must not forget that this advantage we backfires, added weight. It is worth remembering also that the lighting and image transmission system in vivo are not essential to the functioning parts of a quadricopter . We can fly without them or we can build an SUV without lighting or video, but experience to have these "additional " is unique and exciting. Therefore, abandoning the preambles, and moving on the desired system performance, we will address first the overall functioning of the whole and then finished by explaining the prominent features of each particular section. The heart of the system relies on a powerful PIC 18F25K20 which will work as I2C slave at the final moment, when everything is finished. It is for this reason that in the block diagram shows the connection to the bus. Taking advantage of the possibilities offered by the MSSP module , we have seen in the assembly of a display I2C coupled our system, " slave" to the I2C bus main control system of the ship. Thus, we can operate the lights and camera quadricopter from the same system to be used to command the ship.

Basic scheme of assembly carried

Using the PIC as I2C slave be very simple instructions and acted upon a job running which is determined by the times that can handle the main processing system. For now, and before working on the flying drone , use simple soft buttons until you have tested the behavior of full development. This design includes, in the first part we will see today, the movement of a servomotor between two extreme positions and the operation of a MAX16805 PWM using generated by the PIC to control light intensity the main LEDs. When the servo reaches end of travel or the time when the PWM cause low maximum light or a Beep! sound accompanied by flashing a LED (we chose a yellow for now.) The Beep sound can be single or double according to our taste and will only be used at this stage test. In the final assembly will be only the LED indicator will be seen at a distance and the sound of the beep is not very useful there, above the nave. Therefore, to reach the Beep beep ends and will continue once every 10 seconds, indicating that we are working on one end. Coming out of this situation, the Beep is silenced and the LED will not flash more. Observe:

As you observed, up to a 16X2 LCD we have placed on the port B of the PIC to make the task simple initial programming. Of course the code, you'll find at the end of the article, including the LCD so that you too will be easy to work (very useful for control the value of the variables used). Thus, in one assembly met many circuits we have seen separately in arg, but in this development all form a single, with a specific aim: to illuminate the extent necessary, the night journey our ship of exploration. Then recall some fundamental concepts. The MAX16805 in charge of managing the lighting of the 36 white LEDs 10 mm., PWM receive signal at a frequency of 1 kHz. and by varying the duty cycle will adjust the light intensity. For this we use the ECCP module who owns the 18F25K20 and connect the output of channel 1 PWM (CCP1 ) located in PORTC.2 arrive at the entrance of the MAX16805 DIM through a small resistive divider as shown in the following scheme . The rest of the connection required to activate the MAX16805 is the same as we saw in the article Dimmer with Rsense of 1 Ohm and its main power 12Volts.

Circuit used in this trial

For the movement of LED panels, as already announced and we saw in the videos, use a conventional servomotor (in our case, a Hitec HS-311) to which we feed 5Volts. These 5Volts also use for the adapter formed impulses to activate the servo control signal. Trivia: During the start of the trials observed erratic movements in the servo to the direct instructions from the PIC is powered with 3.3 volts. Although the technical talk that the servo can work with pulses from the amplitude 3Volts decided to put an adapter levels (3.3 V 5V). After this, the servo response was always correct and accurate.

Distribution feeds tested

development

These feeds 5Volts 12Volts and is complemented by a 3.3-volts, which is destined to PIC and the circuit is that we show in the picture above. It is worth mentioning that for convenience and technical practice, we refer to 12Volts stress values \u200b\u200balong the entire explanation, but to be more precise we should clarify that batteries used in radio are the Lithium - Polymer ( Li-Po) of three cells that have a rated working voltage of 11.1 volts. For practical purposes, the voltage delivered is as effective as if we were working with a battery Lead-Acid of 12Volts. In addition, all tests were done with these batteries and for this reason that throughout the text and the circuit shown, the supply voltage is referred to 12Volts. It is important to clarify this issue to know when riding all over the ship, the available voltage shall be that of 11.1 Volts.

The trial and fundamental parts

The program developed for the PIC is very simple and is based on generating a set of conditional statements which question the entire time the keyboard. Of course, when we come to work in slave mode I2C this situation will change dramatically, but while we perform the tests, 4 soft touch buttons did the work to activate the mobility and lightness of the system. Returning to the protruding parts microcontroller program highlight the main loop constant attention to the potential action buttons. In case of detection, the program executing powerful instructions provided by Amicus to operate servo PWM outputs and . In the case of the servo, an indication of the output pin and the desired position. The latter value is between 500 and 2500 by type of servo used and the desired stroke length. In our case, the limits were 975 and 2140. The management and PWM generation is just as simple through a single statement, as in the case of the servo, you just have to define the cycle work (Duty-Cycle ) ( PVVM ) and the desired working frequency ( fPWM ). These values \u200b\u200bare obtained variables, each touch of a button, increase or decrease the variable unit employed. That is, generating a PWM control a servomotor and activate your job from four buttons is a task that Amicus allows you to summarize it in 20 lines of program. Thus:

main loop status polling of the buttons

Another interesting part to watch is the generation of Beep. Do not forget that this sound will be accompanied by the activity of a diode LED (in this case yellow) and both indicate that the variables for the PWM servo and reached their maximum or minimum value. "Why a yellow LED ? Because the drone will be full of red and green LEDs performance indicators of different stages, hence the yellow LED may be varied smoothly and effortlessly you will notice the operating state of the lighting system. To generate the Beep then only need a single instruction on a single line of program: FREQOUT . Then the on / off LED indicator complete "audio-visual "

FREQOUT instruction, useful to trigger sound alerts

Finally, another sequence of instructions useful and effective are those that are responsible for generating the delivery of a beep every 10 seconds when any of the variables reaches its extreme value . Using a simple code, implementing a delay 10 seconds, then turns the LED , Beep is issued, you control the keyboard and closed loop program. However, 10 seconds would be held in a time-delayed " useless" while the situation may require some movement or change in intensity of light before they are completed within 10 seconds. For this, an elementary For-Next loop solve this scenario to be mindful of every moment of the action of the keyboard, although we are within the counting time of 10 seconds for Beep . Does the TMR0 ? No, this:

be useful for routine attentive during a timeout

In line 93 conditional verify the activity of the buttons every 2 milliseconds (the duration of the delay) and if any are active GND, I leave the For-Next loop and I go to the instruction that I needed at that time. The instructions " OR " equivalent to what we know as "or" in our English. This "or" one. Today "or" tomorrow. That is, if one of all controlled inputs has a logic low, the program shares routed to the code where change has occurred in states. In our example the action of pressing a button on the final development will be a statement received by the I2C bus . The rest of the CIP program are variable declarations, assignment of initial values \u200b\u200bto these variables and, with these values, determine a starting position set by the servo and a level of enlightenment, also original, through the PWM MAX16805 .

This will complete the development phase and initial test the lighting module of quadricopter . The next phase will be doomed to start working with the I2C bus from another microcontroller and lay the foundation of communication and the operation of PIC 18F25K20 in slave mode. After completing this process, the challenge will to optimize the energy . Then, the weight reduction in construction of bounded size will result in the final step: mounting the camera on the same arm that manages the LEDs ( Or in another set of independent servos?, Do you think? ) and the TV transmitter that deliver live images of every flight, every adventure. Want to be part of this experience? Join the Electronics Forum arg; works by providing advice, suggestions and ideas to this part of development. Would you do it otherwise, how?, Why? Tell us your opinion matters. Source

+ large circuit Download

Source:
http://www.neoteo.com/led-control-pwm-servo-y-led-dimmer

Erosion Cervix Silver Nitrate

BIG BROTHER ARGENTINA 2011: NOMINATIONS LIVE Pachano

Comic

Next Sunday at 21: 30 for the screen Telefe , participants will have to nominate for the first time fans can watch program, in vivo, the feedback of the participants.
GH The second gala will be hosted by Marley replacing Jorge Rial.

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retrocomputing: Apple II (1977)

After the success of its first product, the Apple I - the " Steves' wanted to conquer the world. But for that they needed a more powerful computer with a better look and it was easy to use by as many people as possible. Wozniak touched him again sit on the drawing board, and again the result was spectacular: powered by a 8-bit MOS 6502 and a beige plastic case that concealed until 48KB of RAM, was born the first member of the Apple II family , whose members would be marketed between 1977 and 1993.

The Apple I had become a "best seller despite the modest it may seem today (sold hundreds of thousands of iPads in the early hours of its release) to sell a couple hundred units of a product throughout its shelf life. What happens is that at that time personal computers were practically unknown, the price very high, and people still did not quite learn that I could have one at home. When the fledgling Apple realized that design and manufacture computers could become a gold mine, went to work on a new computer intended to replace the Apple I . This might be a product designed from scratch to be sold, and would have everything a home user might need. Steve Wozniack undertook the design of the new computer, and put in everything that he could not include in its first machine.

Advertising Apple II (Byte, August 1977)

The Apple I was a hand-built machine designed primarily to fans who had already had some contact with computers. The Apple II , however, was a true product of mass production. Computer became extremely popular among home users but, especially since the launch of the VisiCalc spreadsheet - also sold well among businessmen. To achieve such a revolution, Apple used marketing techniques masterfully. Woz and Jobs complemented. The excellent design of the first had not been more than a curiosity if it had not had the thrust of Jobs, who along with the advertising agency Regis McKenna, who had designed for Apple bitten apple logo original (from green), was in charge of details completely unrelated to the technology that had made possible the computer but visual impact on its customers. So it was that insisted on highlighting the ability to display colors Apple II , placing it in a white box in which it highlighted a new version of the apple, this time with the colors of the rainbow. Apple would pay always pay attention to these details, which can also be seen in the first ads of Apple II appeared in the 1977 edition of Byte magazine.

was very easy to get into the Apple II

"What so special to Apple II? First, were no longer needed the user to procure a case and power supply for your computer. The Apple II was the kind of "plug and play ." It was still easy to remove the cover and inside access, but it was a pileup that out of place in a home or office. And second, its power, making the comparison with other computers of the era was not exactly negligible. Your motherboard, which was MOS 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz , had eight expansion slots and up 48 KB of RAM . But what made him a true object of desire was his ability to display colors and high resolution graphics, the sound generator and the programming language BASIC (Integer BASIC ) included. Unlike computers like the Altair 8800 , which were primarily aimed at engineers and hobbyists, the Apple II was a product for the masses.

Apple II Plus

Over 15 years of history, Apple sold a large number of different models of its " Apple II." The original, released on June 5, 1977, using the aforementioned microprocessor MOS Technology 6502 to 1 MHz, 4 kilobytes of available RAM , the programming language Integer BASIC in 12 KB ROM and a connector to use an audio cassette recorder and data storage device. On the video, one of the most striking features of this computer, was able to show 24 lines of 40 columns of text in capital letters on a monitor or TV , thanks to an RF modulator. The launch price for this model was $ 1,298 , and the version with 48KB of RAM could be achieved by $ 2,638, an amount that serves to get an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat it was the memory of those years. The success of the Apple II attracted like flies to many manufacturers, who began designing expansion cards or software to further enhance the features of your computer. That's how cards appeared to display text in 80 columns, other programming languages, games and applications. Apple also developed many peripherals such as -Disk II floppy disk drive 5 ¼ inch plus external controller card, which avoided the agony of the endless waiting that occurred when trying to load a large program from a audio cassette. Woz also designed by the Disk II interface is considered one of the most interesting electronic designs in history.

VisiCalc, running on an Apple II As

happen years later with the IBM PC , the open design and the inclusion of connectors expansion made possible the emergence of hundreds of devices that helped popularize the Apple II . If you stop to snap a computer magazine in late 1970, will see a lot of ads highlighting the benefits of their products for the computer, such as serial communications controllers, network cards and primitive, a little later, until hard drives. Some came to build expansion cards equipped with a microprocessor Z80, which gave the Apple II the ability to run programs developed for the-then-very popular operating system CP / M . So was that users of this computer to access database managers like dBase II or WordStar word processor . As the months passed, the cost of the components used in building the Apple II were down in price, while competition was beginning to develop products that could move the market. This meant that Apple would create new versions of your computer, resulting in a large family whose lineage extended until about the early years of the decade of 1990.

Apple IIc, the "portable" family

The first review of the Apple II took place in 1979. Called "Apple II Plus ," included as standard BASIC Applesoft -written by Microsoft, which until then only offered as an improvement and allowed to operate including floating point numbers. RAM Memory were around 16KB (or 48KB, if you were willing to spend a little more) and could be extended to 64KB. This hardware enabled Apple machine could run the compilers UCSD Pascal and FORTRAN 77 very popular at that time. For three years the "Plus" kept Apple from the top spot in sales. When his popularity began to decline slightly was decided to lower its price, so it was launched in 1982 model IIe, a version that took advantage of the new chips available in the market to reduce their number, the size of the main board and, of course, the final cost of the computer. This model, besides being cheaper, the screen could show uppercase and lowercase letters and 64 KB of available RAM expandable to 128 KB. The Apple IIe (Enhanced A pple II) was the most popular model of the family and is one of the most easily be achieved today.

Apple IIGS, a real beauty

In May 1984 the sale was the first portable model of the family, the Apple IIc . His heart was 65C02 microprocessor, an improved version in CMOS technology "old" MOS 6502 used in previous models. The improvements do not end there: the IIc, called "Lolly " during its development, was able to show 80 columns of text without the help of extra plates, connect with other computers through a telephone line with its internal modem, access a floppy disk drive from its integrated controller and more. Its design is more compact than its brethren, limited enough to expand. In 1986 he introduced what became the most powerful member of the Apple II family . Although in 1894 the company started marketing the Macintosh -much more powerful and equipped with a GUI - the successful Apple II was not over. The Apple IIGS represented a major change in the "family" as their 65C816 microprocessor had 16-bit registers and an address bus of 24 bits. Ran at 2.8 MHz, had more memory (256KB and 1024KB, expandable to 8 MB), and a graphical user interface inspired by the Macintosh .

Apple IIc Plus, 1988

The last " embodiment" of the Apple II was the Apple IIc Plus 1988. It was not too different from the IIc, but had a new disk drive 3.5-inch, including an internal power supply and microprocessor 65C02 going to 4 Mhz. It was, as came from the factory, the faster model. However, some expansion cards as RocketChip or ZipGS allowed different models of the Apple II running at 10 or 12 MHz Apple would manufacture and provide further support for this family until about 1993. However, times had changed and a computer that had its roots deeply buried in the 8-bit prevailing in the late 1970's did not have much future in front of " monsters" as the IBM PC the Macintosh or Amiga . Gradually, the Apple I I disappeared from the scene, and although sold millions and many companies even produced clones of them, today there are many people who never heard of these computers. However, it was a very important part of the history of personal computers. Until next week!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II_series

Source:
http://www.neoteo.com/apple-ii-1977